Lithic Evidence for Early Technological Activity in the Visoko Region (Bosnia and Herzegovina): Archaeological Investigations, 2006-2025

Abstract

Archaeological investigations conducted in the Visoko region of Bosnia and Herzegovina between 2006 and 2025 have produced a substantial assemblage of lithic material across multiple excavation sites and contexts. Although lithic artifacts were not the primary focus of fieldwork, they occur consistently in both surface and subsurface settings, including stratified sondes, tunnel fills, and architectural contexts. The assemblage comprises more than 1200 recorded lithic objects, including small sandstone tools, possible grinding implements, shaped stones, and artifacts with carved or modified surfaces. Several items display clear evidence of intentional shaping, smoothing, or engraving, while others are associated with features such as dry-stone walls and constructed surfaces. Tool marks observed on clay and stone within the Ravne tunnel system provide additional evidence of the use of hand tools in modifying the environment. Based on morphology and context, a significant portion of the material is consistent with early phases of human activity, including the Neolithic period. At the same time, the presence of lithic artifacts in mixed and redeposited contexts reflects later site transformations and reuse of the landscape. Taken together, the lithic record from the Visoko region indicates a sustained tradition of stone-based technology. The material provides an independent line of evidence for early human activity and contributes to a broader understanding of long-term occupation and technological practices in the area.