Dr. Sam Osmanagich

Multidisciplinary Evaluation of the Pyramid-Shaped Formation near Visoko, Bosnia-Herzegovina: A Case for Anthropogenic Construction

Environmental Impacts: Journal of Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences

(Open Access Peer Reviewed Journal)

This study presents a multidisciplinary investigation of the pyramid-shaped formation known as the Bosnian Pyramid of the Sun (Visočica Hill) located in central Bosnia-Herzegovina. Integrating geodetic, geomorphological, geological, archaeological, electromagnetic, and geometrical data, the analysis examines whether the formation’s distinctive features can be fully explained by natural processes or whether anthropogenic activity may have played a role in its current structure. High-resolution topographic surveys reveal precise orientation of the northern slope toward true north, within ±0° 0′ 12″, comparable to other ancient pyramid structures. Remote sensing and LiDAR data show symmetry and uniformity in slope angles, while archaeological excavation over multiple fi eld seasons has uncovered artifi cially arranged large blocks composed of breccia, clay binders, and sandstone - exhibiting compressive strength exceeding that of modern concrete. Geophysical measurements detect consistent emissions in the 28-30 kHz range and unusual electromagnetic behavior, especially during lunar events. Geometrical overlays, including Fibonacci spirals and Golden Ratio proportions, further highlight intentional design. These multiple lines of evidence are evaluated in support of the hypothesis that the Bosnian Pyramid of the Sun represents a large-scale, artifi cially enhanced formation with unknown function, possibly rooted in pre-classical engineering and geospatial knowledge. These observations align with previous fi ndings in comparative spiral geometry research involving both Egyptian and Bosnian pyramids.

Establishing Deep Time: Multi-Method Dating of Archaeological and Speleological Features in the Bosnian Valley of the Pyramids

Geoinformatics and Geostatistics: An Overview

(Open Access Peer Reviewed Journal)

This study presents an integrated chronological framework for the Bosnian Valley of the Pyramids using multiple scientific dating techniques. Radiocarbon dating, uranium-thorium analysis, and soil pedogenesis studies were conducted on archaeological and speleological features including the Bosnian Pyramid of the Sun, the Pyramid of the Moon, and the Ravne tunnel networks. Results suggest construction and usage of these structures as early as 33,800 years BP, with corroborating stratigraphic and geological indicators. The presence of architectural elements beneath undisturbed soil layers and stalagmites over tunnel floors reinforces their antiquity. These findings contribute to the growing evidence of organized human activity in Southeastern Europe during the Late Pleistocene. The application of cross-disciplinary dating methods demonstrates the value of integrated geoarchaeological approaches in establishing deep-time chronologies at complex heritage sites.

Megalithic Pyramid Engineering: A Comparative Study of Scale, Material Use and Structural Complexity Across Ancient Civilizations

Annals of Civil Engineering and Management

(Open Access Peer Reviewed Journal)

This study presents a comparative engineering analysis of ten monumental pyramidal structures constructed by diverse ancient civilizations across five continents. It evaluates scale, volume, base dimensions, construction materials, alignment, and logistical challenges as proxies for civil and structural engineering capacity in antiquity. The pyramids examined include the Great Pyramid of Giza (Egypt), Bosnian Pyramid of the Sun (Bosnia-Herzegovina), La Danta (Guatemala), Pyramid of the Sun at Teotihuacan (Mexico), Great Pyramid of Cholula (Mexico), Gunung Padang (Indonesia), Yangling Mausoleum (China), Monks Mound (USA), Akapana Pyramid (Bolivia), and Huaca del Sol (Peru). By focusing on construction volume, geometric planning, orientation, and material manipulation, this article proposes that many of these ancient structures demonstrate engineering sophistication well beyond what is commonly attributed to their respective cultures. Notably, many lack written construction records, yet show remarkable precision in alignment and spatial organization. This raises important questions about the presence of undocumented knowledge systems or lost civilizational technologies. The findings suggest that pyramid size is not merely symbolic but reflects advanced prehistoric planning, surveying, and building capabilities.

Golden Geometry Revealed: The Fibonacci Link Between the Pleiades and the Bosnian Pyramids

International Journal of Aerospace Science, Technology and Engineering

(Open Access Peer Reviewed Journal)

This study presents groundbreaking geometric and astronomical correlations between the Pleiades star cluster and the spatial layout of the Bosnian Pyramid Complex. Drawing on LiDAR-based topographic data, high-resolution geodetic surveys, and comparative archaeoastronomical methods, the research examines straight-line alignments, triangular relationships, and Fibonacci spiral geometries embedded within the landscape. Key spatial configurations include the stellar and terrestrial alignments Taygeta–Maia–Alcyone and Moon–Earth–Dragon, as well as Electra–Alcyone–Pleione and Sun–Love–Dragon. The stellar triangle Maia–Electra–Merope is systematically compared to the Sun–Moon–Dragon pyramid triangle in Bosnia. Using angular analysis and golden ratio modeling, the study identifies Fibonacci spirals originating from the stars Maia, Celaeno, and Alcyone, which are mirrored in the summit arrangement of pyramids, tumuli, tunnel entrances, and river confluences across the Bosnian Valley. To assess the probability that such correspondences could arise by chance, the study introduces a series of Monte Carlo simulations (10,000 iterations per scenario). These simulations demonstrate that: • The chance of forming an equilateral triangle with all three points cardinally aligned is effectively zero (p < 0.0001); • The presence of three golden spirals, each intersecting major features, is also statistically negligible; • Matching golden spirals across both celestial and terrestrial domains is extremely unlikely to result from randomness. These quantitative results provide strong statistical support for intentional design, reinforcing the hypothesis that sacred geometry and astral encoding were central to the site’s layout. The discovery of a previously undocumented golden spiral structure internal to the Pleiades adds further novelty to the astronomical dimension of this study. This research contributes to the fields of archaeoastronomy, sacred geometry, and megalithic spatial analysis by offering a data-driven, reproducible model for investigating cosmological planning in ancient landscapes. Given the calendrical and symbolic importance of the Pleiades across cultures—Maya, Ancestral Puebloans, Japanese, Maori, and Greeks—this work supports the idea that prehistoric builders may have used stellar geometry as a template for Earth-based construction. All conclusions are grounded in verified measurements, peer-reviewed literature, and advanced spatial simulation.

Reframing European Prehistory-Paleolithic Engineering and a New Class of Subterranean Architecture in Ravne 3

Applied Journal of Earth and Environmental Research

(Open Access Peer Reviewed Journal)

Rethinking the Bosnian Pyramid of the Sun: Scientific Foundations Peer-Reviewed Research, and the Crisis of Cultural Gatekeeping

Archives of Humanities & Social Sciences Research

(Open Access Peer Reviewed Journal)